Mortgage Foreclosure: Your Legal Rights

Banks and mortgage companies typically will consider you to be in default on your mortgage if you fall three months behind on your payments.

Once you are in default, the legal process of foreclosure begins. A foreclosure is a legal process that allows a mortgage company to force the sale of your home to collect on your unpaid mortgage.

If you have fallen behind on your mortgage and are facing foreclosure, your lender typically will not accept any payments unless you catch up completely. Money orders or checks sent in for less than the full amount owed will be returned to you. If this happens to you, begin depositing your monthly mortgage payments into a savings account so that you will not get any further behind. Consult an attorney about your options.

For more information, review our frequently asked questions below.

What is an Act 91 Notice?
What is an Act 6 Notice?
What is a HEMAP Loan?
What is a Partial Claim loan?
What is an FHA loan?
What is a Complaint?
Can I stop a Sheriff Sale?
Are there agencies that can help me catch up on my payments?
What if I think I may have a predatory or unfair loan?
How can I Avoid Foreclosure?



What is an Act 91 Notice?
An Act 91 Notice is a notice that you are behind in your mortgage payments advising you to apply for a HEMAP loan.

If you receive an Act 91 Notice go to your neighborhood HEMAP housing counseling office. Select an agency from the list in the Act 91 Notice, or call the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency at 800-342-2397 to find one near you.

For additional information, view:

Official HEMAP Program Website, Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency

Philadelphia HEMAP Counseling Agencies

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What is an Act 6 Notice?
An Act 6 Notice is also known as a “Notice of Intention to Foreclose.” It is sent when you are at least 60 days behind in your mortgage payments. You have 30 days from the date of the Notice to pay the past amount due. If you do not catch up on your mortgage payments within 30 days or make a payment arrangement with your lender, the company can file a lawsuit to begin the foreclosure process.

If you can receive an Act 6 Notice, see an attorney.

To apply for free legal representation, you should come in for intake at either of our office locations.
For information about eligibility click here.
For intake hours and locations for mortgage foreclosures click here.

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What is a HEMAP Loan?
HEMAP stands for Pennsylvania's "Homeowners Emergency Assistance Program." This state program will loan you money to catch up and pay your mortgage payments for up to 24 months. To qualify, you must be suffering from a financial hardship that is due to circumstances beyond your control, and you must have a reasonable chance of paying your full mortgage payments again within 24 months of when you first got behind. You can apply for a HEMAP loan after you receive an Act 91 Notice. If denied, you can appeal the decision within 15 days. The HEMAP program does NOT apply to FHA loans.

To apply for a HEMAP loan, go to your local HEMAP housing counseling agency which is listed on your ACT 91 Notice. You can also call the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency at 800-342-2397 to find one near you.

For additional information, visit: Mortgage Assistance.

 

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What is a Partial Claim loan?
Partial Claims are interest free loans from the U.S. Department of Housing (HUD). They only apply to FHA loans. When you lender files a Partial Claim, HUD will pay the lender for the mortgage payments you have missed. To qualify, your loan must be at least 4 months but no more than 12 months delinquent, and you must be ready to begin making full mortgage payments. The loan will become due when you pay off the mortgage or when you sell your home.

To apply, contact your mortgage company. A HUD housing counseling agency can also help you determine if you would be eligible for a Partial Claim or other options.

For more information, visit: Mortgage Assistance.

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What is an FHA loan?
A FHA loan is insured by the Federal Housing Administration, which is now a part of the U.S. Department of Housing (HUD). If you have an FHA mortgage, your lender must consider you for HUD's Loss Mitigation Program, including a special forbearance, a loan modification or a partial claim. FHA loans are not eligible for HEMAP assistance.

For more information, view:

How to Avoid Foreclosure, U.S. Department of Housing (HUD)

Downloadable Version of the HUD Brochure How to Avoid Foreclosure

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What is a Complaint?
A complaint is filed by the mortgage company to begin a lawsuit to foreclose on your home. You have 30 days in which to file a formal Answer in court. If you fail to file an Answer, the mortgage company may get a judgment against you and your house may be sold at a Sheriff Sale.

If you receive a Complaint, see an attorney.

To apply for free legal representation, you should come in for intake at either of our office locations.
For information about eligibility click here.
For intake hours and locations for mortgage foreclosures click here.

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Can I stop a Sheriff Sale?

Yes. As a general rule, under Pennsylvania law you can stop the foreclosure sale if you can catch up on all of your mortgage payments AND pay the lender any reasonable attorney's fees and court costs that it has paid.

Sometimes a bankruptcy can help save a home. By filing a Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition, you can stop a sheriff sale and can catch up on your mortgage over 3 to 5 years, while you also make your regular monthly mortgage payments.

If you receive a Sheriff Sale notice, see an attorney

For more information about bankruptcy, visit Chapter 13 Bankruptcy.

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Are there agencies that can help me catch up on my payments?

 

Yes. HEMAP is a state program that loans money to homeowners who are experiencing financial hardship to no fault of their own. The City of Philadelphia also offers a mortgage assistance program for low-income residents with children who live in specific high-risk neighborhoods and are suffering from a short-term financial crisis. If you have an FHA loan, you may be eligible for a partial claim loan.

For more information, visit: Mortgage Assistance.

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What if I think I may have a predatory or unfair loan?
If you have mortgage with a very high interest rate and fees or were required to borrow more money than you requested, you may have a predatory loan.

If you think you may have a predatory loan, contact a housing counselor, the Don't Borrow Trouble hotline, or see an attorney.

Philadelphia Housing Counselors

Philadelphia's Don't Borrow Trouble Hotline 215-523-9520, Pennsylvania Legal Assistance

To apply for free legal representation, you should come in for intake at either of our office locations.
For information about eligibility click here.
For intake hours and locations for predatory loans click here.

 

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How can I Avoid Foreclosure?
There are several options to explore to avoid a foreclosure.

1. Negotiate with the mortgage company.

Your mortgage company may be willing to enter into a repayment plan, which would allow you additional time to catch up on your payments. You also may be able to get a loan modification, which may extend the term of your mortgage, lower your interest rate or monthly payments, making the loan more affordable. Housing counseling agencies can help you negotiate with the lender.

2. Apply for mortgage assistance loans and grants.

There are several interest free or low-interest loans and grants to help you repay past due payments. See Mortgage Assistance for more information.

3. Consider refinancing.

You may be able to get a new loan to extend the term of your mortgage or to lower your interest rate.

4. Get legal advice about a Chapter 13 Bankruptcy.

Sometimes a bankruptcy can help save a home. By filing a Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition, you can catch up on your mortgage over 3 to 5 years, while you also make your regular monthly mortgage payments. There is a $274 filing fee. Chapter 13 bankruptcies can be complicated, and most people will need to be represented by a lawyer.

To apply for free legal representation, you should come in for intake at either of our office locations.
For information about eligibility click here.
For intake hours and locations for bankruptcy click here
.

5. Consider Selling the House Before Foreclosure.


If you cannot afford to pay your mortgage and it is unlikely that you will be able to do so in the future, you may want to consider selling your home. While this may be a painful option, you will be better off than letting the lender sell your home at a sheriff sale.

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